Designing microwave patch antennas using heterogeneous substrates

This paper introduces the concept of designing microwave patch antennas by creating synthetic heterogeneous substrates with small scale inclusions. These inclusions embedded in a host dielectric can be used to control the dielectric properties and create bespoke effective permittivity values. Heterogeneous patch antennas at 2.4GHz are simulated in this paper. By deliberately mapping the permittivity values to the electric fields, the antenna behavior can be controlled and a dual band frequency was introduced. The local regions with micro-scale inclusions showed good agreement with a homogeneous substrate section with the same predicted permittivity. These heterogeneous substrates can be potentially created using nanomaterials.