Simulation of a GNSS signal for a receiver near a time-evolving sea surface

In marine environments, the GNSS systems (GPS, GALILEO,...) are well known to be increasingly important for military and commercial ship positioning. Yet, positioning is not the only application field for GNSS signals. For several years, the GNSS signals have been used for remote sensing application in ocean observations. The GNSS signal scattered from the sea, which is considered as a random rough surface, has been proved to be a significant source of information about the ocean behaviour. For example, the scattered GNSS signal is greatly influenced by the state of the sea and the wind direction. In this paper, we investigate the simulation of a GNSS signal above the sea surface and we take into account the evolution in time of this sea surface.