A comparative study of power generation system reliability including the consideration of energy limited units

Recently, attention has been given to reliability evaluation of generation systems including the effect of energy limitations. The basic methods are the forced outage rate (FOR) modification technique; the load modification approach based on the load duration curve; and the F and D (frequency and duration) method based on the cumulative load model and equivalent load method. In the latter two models, the operating condition of the energy limited units is characterized by a peak shaving method (PSM). In the FOR modification method, the effect of unit´s energy limitation is reflected by modifying the unit forced outage rate and treating the energy limitation as an equivalent failure. The author presents the results of a comparative study of these methods. Illustrative examples and the IEEE-RTS system are used and reliability induces are computed for comparison of these models