Robust doppler estimation for mobile wireless communication

Two improved versions of Baddour and Beaulieu Doppler estimator are introduced accompanied with analytical approximation for the estimators performances. The first improved version is the two-strike estimator which improves the mean square error and the bias in low Doppler frequencies. In addition, it simplifies extensively the estimator by avoiding the optimization phases that were originally required in Baddour and Beaulieu estimator. The second improved version is the dynamic resolution estimator which facilitates equal-performance estimation over predefined range of Doppler frequencies. We provide approximated performance for these estimators using Gaussian approximation analysis method, under Rayleigh fading channel with Clarke (Jakes) uniform angle spread model. The Gaussian approximation method is shown to be very accurate with respect to Monte Carlo simulation results. The two-strike estimator demonstrates improvements, especially in low Doppler frequencies, as reflected both in the Gaussian approximation analysis and in the simulation results.