Innovative multilayered millimetre-wave antennas for multi-dimensional scanning and very small footprint applications

This paper presents and overviews the state-of-the-art of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) techniques in the design and realization of innovative, low-cost, low-profile and low-loss (L3) millimeter-wave antenna elements and arrays for various wireless applications. New classes of multilayered antenna systems are proposed to exploit the vertical dimension of planar structures to overcome certain limitations in standard two-dimensional (2-D) topologies. These structures meet the requirement for developing inexpensive, compact millimeterwave antennas antenna systems. Different structures and architectures are theoretically and experimentally studied and discussed for specific space- and ground-based applications. Practical issues such as high-density integration and high-volume manufacturability are also addressed.