Two-level game based spectrum lease framework in cognitive radio networks

In this paper we propose a distributed two-level game composed of a PU-level game and a SU-level game to model the spectrum lease between primary users (PUs) and second users (SUs) in cognitive radio (CR) networks. By employing a two-level game, we jointly consider the benefits of SUs as buyers and PUs as sellers. The proposed framework not only can help SUs to select the optimal PU and compute the amount of bandwidth to lease, but also can help competing PUs to find the optimal price to maximize their own utilities. Meanwhile, considering the difference in PUs¿ spectrum, we evaluate the effect of each SU¿s quality concerning different PUs on the game. Finally, the paper proves the convergence of the game and evaluates the performance of the game by simulation.