A DWT-Based Video Watermarking Algorithm Applying DS-CDMA

Author

Fan, Liang ; Yanmei, Fang

Author_Institution

Dept. of Electron. & Commun. Eng., Sun Yat-sen Univ., Guangzhou

fYear

2006

fDate

14-17 Nov. 2006

Firstpage

1

Lastpage

4

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a DWT-based video watermarking algorithm applying DS-CDMA (direct sequence code division multiple access). We use improved Gold sequences to encode the watermark. The CDMA encoded watermark is embedded into the lowest frequency coefficients of DWT transformed video frames. Blind recovery of the embedded watermark is achieved by analyzing the DWT coefficients of the watermarked video frames and the auto-correlation of orthogonal codes. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can produce watermarked contents in good visual quality and is robust to typical video operations such as MPEG-2 compression, Gaussian noise, cropping and frame dropping

Keywords

code division multiple access; correlation methods; discrete wavelet transforms; orthogonal codes; spread spectrum communication; video coding; watermarking; DS-CDMA; DWT; Gold sequence; auto-correlation method; blind recovery; direct sequence code division multiple access; discrete wavelet transform; orthogonal code; video watermarking algorithm; visual quality; Autocorrelation; Direct-sequence code-division multiple access; Discrete wavelet transforms; Frequency; Gold; Multiaccess communication; Noise robustness; Transform coding; Video compression; Watermarking;

fLanguage

English

Publisher

ieee

Conference_Titel

TENCON 2006. 2006 IEEE Region 10 Conference

Conference_Location

Hong Kong

Print_ISBN

1-4244-0548-3

Electronic_ISBN

1-4244-0549-1

Type

conf

DOI

10.1109/TENCON.2006.343738

Filename

4142413