Studies on the circuit models of piezoelectric ceramics

This paper is aimed to explore the equivalent circuit models of piezoelectric ceramics with the consideration of energy dissipation. Based on the electrical impedance, the equivalent circuit models of piezoelectric ceramics are investigated under unloaded and loaded conditions. The characteristics and physical meanings of the circuit models are discussed by considering the frequency range of interest. The circuit models and discussions in this paper can provide a good understanding on the electrical behaviors of the piezoelectric ceramics when designing and analyzing the piezo-based systems.