Evaluating flight crew operator manual documentation

Aviation and cognitive science researchers have identified situations in which the pilot\´s expectations for the behavior of the avionics are not matched by the actual behavior of the avionics. Researchers have attributed these "automation surprises" to the complexity of the avionics mode logic, the absence of complete training, limitations in cockpit displays, and ad-hoc conceptual models of the avionics. Complete canonical rule-based descriptions of the behavior of the autopilot provide the basis for understanding the perceived complexity of the autopilots, the differences between the pilot\´s and autopilot\´s conceptual models, and the limitations in training materials and cockpit displays. The paper compares the behavior of the autopilot vertical speed/flight path angle (VS-FPA) mode as described in the flight crew operators manual (FCOM) and the actual behavior of the VS-FPA mode defined in the autopilot software. This example demonstrates the use of the operational procedure model (OPM) as a method for using the requirements specification for the design of the software logic as information requirements for training.