Tree based energy efficient and Congestion aware Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have inherent and unique characteristics. One of the most important issues is their energy constraint. Energy aware routing protocol is very important in WSN, but routing protocol which only considers energy has not efficient performance. Congestion management can affect routing protocol performance. Congestion occurrence in network nodes leads to increasing packet loss and energy consumption. Another parameter which affects routing protocol efficiency is performing fairness in nodes energy consumption. When fairness is not considered in routing process, network will be partitioned very soon and then the network performance will be decreased. In this paper a Hierarchical Tree based Energy efficient and Congestion aware Routing Protocol (HTECRP) is proposed. The proposed protocol is an energy efficient routing one which tries to manage congestion and perform fairness in network. Simulation results shown in this paper imply that the HTECRP has achieved its goals.