Two algorithms for frequency estimation of a real sinusoid from short data records

The frequency estimate for a real sinusoid provided by the periodogram has a bias which is particularly severe for a short observation interval. In this paper, two improvements to the periodogram are proposed to reduce this bias. The first method transforms the real tone to an analytic signal while the second algorithm subtracts the negative spectral line from the received signal, prior to applying the periodogram. The performances of the two methods are illustrated by comparing with the periodogram and the Cramer-Rao lower bound