Laser immobilization of photosynthetic material on screen printed electrodes

This work presents the direct laser printing of thylakoid membranes for the fabrication of photosynthetic-based amperometric biosensors. Laser printing is an excellent tool for direct immobilization of the transferred photosynthetic material onto non-functionalized electrodes due to the high impact pressure of the transferred droplets. The use of this laser transfer technique enabled complete wetting of the rough electrodes´ surface, which could not be achieved with conventional printing/spotting methods. Both immobilization and activity of the photosynthetic material were confirmed by high photocurrent signals combined with a high signal to noise ratio.