An augmented finite element model of femur for simulations involving frontal impacts

An enhanced finite element model of the human femur is presented as a reliable mean for prediction of bone failure mechanism for simulations involving frontal impacts. The original finite element representation of femur which was considered in this study did not encompass node connectivity at the interfaces between cortical shaft and condylar regions. Improvements made to the original model have been highlighted. The model has been validated for recorded longitudinal forces and possibility to locate a potential bone fracture. Results obtained from these validations are more in conformance with the cadaver tests than the previous numerical model and are more reliable and accurate in injury prediction.