The fractal nature of electrode polarization

The electric model represents the simplest variant of the cell taking into account the effects of electrode polarization. It is possible to modify the model taking into account the more complex structure of the electrode fractal surface. To describe electrode polarization data the well-known Cole-Cole empirical formula has been used. The dependence of complex impedance vs. frequency has also been described by the Cole-Davidson formula. In order to understand these empirical expressions as a preliminary step, we can formulate the following problem: to construct an equivalent electric circuit which can model the electrode polarization phenomenon and give the complex impedances of Cole-Cole, Cole-Davidson and the more general Havriliyak-Negami formula