Continuous system modeling of shape memory alloy (SMA) for control analysis

The energy based analytical method which is common in the field for ferroelectric substances was applied to SMA to construct a continuous mathematical model for control analysis. The model includes a term of stress time derivative, consequently this model is useful for the control system analysis in which the velocity of the control signal dynamically changes. Using this mathematical model, it will be easier to apply a nonlinear control method like adaptive control to SMA