Time-series properties of value signal model (VSM) systems

This paper describes time series properties of new value signal models (VSM), especially for second-order product-service-value systems (PSV-S). We have proposed a second-order PSV-S as a currency exchanger among different currencies, representing revenues, nonrecurring costs, recurring costs, as well as finance. We have also invented types of VSM, representing basic financial models of cash-flow occuring in financial instruments. We show an implementation of the VSM to characterize the second-order PSV-S. The purpose of such modelling and characterizations is to provide foundations for PSV-S engineering using signal processing methods.