CDMA intersystem operations

CDMA mobile stations using the North American cellular system rely upon the IS-41 network protocol for intersystem handoff and roaming. This paper describes the IS-95 air interface and corresponding IS-41 protocols for intersystem handoff, mobile station location determination, and call delivery. IS-41 CDMA intersystem handoffs can be performed using mobile assisted or nonmobile assisted procedures. Most mobile assisted handoffs use pilot reporting to identify candidate base stations. Most nonmobile assisted handoffs use locate receivers at candidate base stations to estimate the reverse link signal to noise ratio. IS-95 registration procedures can be coupled with IS-41 border cell procedures to reduce registration rates due to ping-ponging between systems