Direction biased handoff algorithms for urban microcells

A novel class of direction biased handoff algorithms are proposed for improving the handoff performance in urban microcells. Multi-cell urban microcell handoff properties are derived for a cell layout with base stations at every other intersection. The direction biased handoff algorithms are shown to improve cell membership properties and handoff performance by lowering the mean number of handoffs while simultaneously reducing the handoff delay. A direction estimation technique based on the signal strength history is shown to provide improved handoff performance, especially for line of sight handoffs