Lithium ion battery automotive applications and requirements

This paper reviews the potential automotive applications for lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries. Various applications are considered in terms of the battery system requirements. USABC and PNGV goals are referenced as they provide general specifications which apply to most original equipment manufacturers. Battery system design assumptions, such as electronic controls, modeling, and thermal management are discussed. Possible Li-ion battery implementation issues are explored, including: abuse tolerance, cycle and calendar life, operating temperature range, environmental impact, reliability, and price