Test templates: a specification-based testing framework

Test templates and a test template framework are introduced as useful concepts in specification-based testing. The framework can be defined using any model-based specification notation and used to derive tests from model-based specifications. It is demonstrated using the Z notation. The framework formally defines test data sets and their relation to the operations in a specification and other test data sets, providing structure to the testing process. Flexibility is also preserved, so that many testing strategies can be used. Important application areas of the framework are discussed, including refinement of test data, regression testing, and test oracles