Title :
Multi-path interference noise in multi-span transmission links using lumped Raman amplifiers
Author :
Burtsev, S. ; Pelouch, W. ; Gavrilovic, P.
Author_Institution :
Xtera Commun. Inc., Allen, TX, USA
Abstract :
The MPI noise was experimentally evaluated, using a calibrated electrical spectrum analyzer, in single- and double-stage lumped Raman amplifiers as well as a 5-span optical transmission link using a cascade of 6 double-stage amplifiers. The experimental procedure was calibrated against a source with known MPI levels. Our experimental and theoretical results for MPI cross-talk agree well in a broad range of Raman net gain values from 2 dB to 26 dB per amplifier. We showed that for a 10-span system with 11 lumped Raman amplifiers and an average span loss of 23 dB, the MPI system penalty was only 0.5 dB20Q. These results indicate that MPI does not constitute an impairment for carefully designed Raman amplifiers.
Keywords :
Raman lasers; calibration; laser noise; optical crosstalk; optical fibre amplifiers; optical fibre networks; spectral analysers; 23 dB; MPI cross-talk; MPI levels; MPI noise; MPI system penalty; average span loss; calibrated; calibrated electrical spectrum analyzer; double-stage amplifiers; double-stage lumped Raman amplifiers; lumped Raman amplifiers; multi-path interference noise; multi-span transmission links; single-stage lumped Raman amplifiers; Bandwidth; Interference; Noise measurement; Optical filters; Optical noise; Optical receivers; Optical signal processing; Q factor; Signal to noise ratio; Stimulated emission;
Conference_Titel :
Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit, 2002. OFC 2002
Print_ISBN :
1-55752-701-6
DOI :
10.1109/OFC.2002.1036247
