Solar cells and submodules on CIS prepared by EDCF method

We are developing all the necessary processes for large area CIS (CuInSe₂) modules. These include the CIS material, window layers, and the interconnect scribing. The authors have developed a process called Elemental Deposition and Compound Formation (EDCF) for preparation of CIS material compatible with large area depositions. Over 10% active area efficiency in a small area solar cell has been achieved on CIS prepared by this process. The CIS process has been scaled-up to areas >400 cm² (8"×8" substrates). The window layers, CdS and ZnO, have been scaled-up to areas over 1000 cm² . Laser scribing and mechanical scribing has been developed for modules. Small area interconnected submodules with active area efficiencies over 7% have been demonstrated