Performance analysis for time synchronization of D2D communication in heterogeneous networks

In this paper, we describe time synchronization for D2D communication in heterogeneous networks. The transmission time and the detection time for D2D communication are considered in the case that each node basically has the uplink transmission time which is used for time synchronization with the base station. The analysis shows that the suitable transmission and detection times are generally the frame starting time or the uplink transmission time although they depend on the relationship among the location of received nodes, the CP length, the D2D radius, and the cell radius. In addition, the performance analysis demonstrates that the arbitrary transmission and detection times can result in serious performance degradation.