Internal meandered loop antenna for multiband mobile phone with the user’s hand

A novel internal meandered loop antenna for multiband operation in the mobile phone has been proposed. Strong effects of the user´s hand on the impedance and radiation characteristics of the antenna have been observed. Results indicate that, when the user´s hand is close to or cover a certain portion of the antenna, large decrease in the antenna´s radiation efficiency and great distortion in the antenna´s radiation pattern for both the unbalanced and balanced modes will occur. On the other hand, when the user´s hand holds the mobile phone with a large distance to the proposed antenna, smaller decrease in the radiation efficiency has been observed for the antenna´s self-balanced mode than the antenna´s two other unbalanced modes.