Artificial neural networks, where do we go next?

Summary form only given. The possibilities of going to the next level after neural networks by creating new intelligent complex systems are discussed in This work. To create such complex systems, there are a number of important problems that must be solved. The problems presented are as follows: (a) scaling; (b) the degree of biological accuracy; (c) how to do system integration; and (d) hardware acceleration. Some examples of research in each area were also given in This work.