Energy meter testing based on Walsh transform algorithms

The paper examines energy measurement process from the testing point of view and advantages introduced by means of the Walsh transform algorithms employed to better define accuracy and reliability in this class of industrial measuring instruments. Walsh method advantages are presented through the adoption of some useful mathematical relationships able to provide a unified description of the testing methodology. The Walsh method shows its intrinsic high-level accuracy due to coefficient characteristics in energy staircase representation. Experimental results from in-field testing complete the paper and present typical performance of ADC-based energy meters. Walsh transform techniques enhance in this case the detection of intrinsic errors and typical non-ideal behaviour