Robust battery fuel gauge algorithm development, part 2: Online battery-capacity estimation

In this paper we present an approach for robust, real time capacity estimation in Li-ion batteries. The proposed capacity estimation scheme has the following novel features: it employes total least squares (TLS) estimation in order to account for uncertainties in both model and the observations in capacity estimation. The TLS method can adaptively track changes in battery capacity. We propose a second approach to estimate battery capacity by exploiting rest states in the battery. This approach is devised to minimize the effect of hysteresis in capacity estimation. Finally, we propose a novel approach for optimally fusing capacity estimates obtained through different methods. We demonstrate the performance of the algorithm through objective experiments.