Stiffness modeling across transition temperatures in virtual environments by B-spline interpolation

The development of haptic technology has been a significant trend worldwide. To simulate the virtual environments, several researchers have estimated the parameters of environment in order to interact with human operators. However, the material properties of real environments are greatly influenced by temperature. In this paper, the haptic data-based is designed and all of the properties of B-spline curves can be adopted to construct the virtual environments. The order of the curve for the B-spline blending function is set as the natural cubic B-spline. Thus, it is possible to generate a good realization of interaction force and simulate a soft and hard virtual environment according to the material properties. From the experimental results, the proposed mathematical model can be changed the material properties under various condition of temperature.