Design of a universal circuit for generation of impedance standards

Impedance standards are very important tools in the field of electrical metrology. Therefore, capacitance, inductance, and resistance standards exist in all of the electrical laboratories, but with different accuracy levels. Design of a universal circuit, which can generate all of these quantities, is demonstrated in this paper. It is mainly based on microcontroller technique and electronic relays. This circuit also can be automatically controlled by specially designed program using the LabVIEW, which enables the automatic calibrations.