Ionospheric electrodynamics effects on two-way satellite time and frequency transfer

The two-way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWSTFT) has been one of the essential techniques for atomic clock comparison. The performance of TWSTFT nowadays has reached the level of one nanosecond. For achieving further better performance, it is worth studying more for the next-generation TWSTFT. This study attempts to discover the relations between TWSTFT observations and ionospheric electrodynamics effects which can impact radio signals. The interesting new finding implies that the predawn local extrema in TWSTFT time difference patterns maybe result from ionospheric neutral winds.