Integrating fuel consumption and vessel emissions into berth allocation

This paper focuses on the berth allocation problem in the container terminal, considering fuel consumption and vessel emissions. By regarding the arrival times of vessels as decision variables and introducing the relationship between the fuel consumption rate and the sailing speed in the form of general power functions, we obtain a more elaborate model on the berth allocation, considering fuel consumption, than ever before. In order to overcome the computational complexity, we cast the original mixed integer nonlinear programming model as a mixed integer second order cone programming model. Furthermore, based on the fuel consumption calculation, we conduct the vessel emission calculation with the widely-used emission factors. Numerical experiments show that the proposed model can significantly reduce the fuel consumption and the vessel emissions in sailing periods, without lowering the service level of the terminal. This effort on maritime emissions is consistent with the environmental concerns of the international maritime organization.