Pre-trip and en-route multi-modal travel decisions considering habitual travel times under unexpected incident scenarios

Modeling impacts of incidents and their associated management strategy have been important topics from the standpoint of both Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) planning and operations. Modeling questions of interest are often addressed through the application of simulation models. However, it is often known that existing models´ limited realism hinder the validity and accuracy of modeling outcomes. This research focuses on addressing several aspects of real-time en-route diversion due to an incident scenario. Contribution to literature is the congestion responsive diversion rule aimed at establishing a plausible behavioral mechanism that has been omitted in related literatures. In a case study, various diversion rules due to congestion reaction or disseminated information are evaluated comprehensively to provide detailed insights to these rules.