Energy efficient hop extended MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks

The Wireless sensor networks are mainly deployed with limited source batteries which are not rechargeable. Hence energy efficiency place a vital role in its design and operation. One of the method to improve energy efficiency is duty cycle in which the sensor nodes are switched OFF during the IDLE condition. As the sensor coverage is normally within 100m traditionally sensor networks uses multihop data transmission. Energy efficient multihop transmission relay the data for long distance by utilizing less amount of battery power. Multihop optimization can be obtained by comparing different MAC protocols. The protocols such as RMAC and HEMAC utilizes the periodic listen and sleep, two frames named as pioneer (PION) and explorer (EXP). HEMAC use EXP frame that set the path and contains information about max hop and this information reserves the nodes in ready to receive (RTR) state. This RTR state relay the packet beyond the sleep period. This state change the node from IDLE to RTR hence node in the IDLE state do not participate in packet forwarding which increases the network life time. This approach is used to relate three MAC protocol and obtain which MAC protocol use lesser energy in multihop transmission. The QoS parameters such as throughput and latency are also being considered in the above scenario in addition to energy by using path length optimization algorithm.