Fuzzy PID controllers for dual-sensor pacing systems in patients with bradycardias at rest

This work describes the design of a fuzzy proportional-integral derivative (FPID) controller for dual-sensors cardiac pacemaker system in patients with bradycardias at rest. It can automatically control the heart rate to accurately track a desired preset profile. The combination of PID control and conventional fuzzy control approaches is adopted for the controller design based on dual-sensors. This controller offers good adaptation of the heart rate to the physiological needs of the patient at rest. Simulation results confirm that this proposed controller is more effective for heartbeat recovery and maintenance, comparing with the existing fuzzy control algorithm.