A reference model for designing decision support systems in novel work domains

When designing decision support systems, especially in dynamic, complex environments, it is important to focus on constraints in the work domain, rather than on the description of task procedures, in order to provide decision support not only for predefined work situations, but also for varying situations including unanticipated events. Cognitive Systems Engineering (CSE) provides methods for system design, which are based on the analysis of cognitive demands in the work domain. Applied Cognitive Work Analysis (ACWA) is a CSE methodology for the design of effective decision support. ACWA uses a Functional Abstraction Network (FAN) to model the concepts and relationships in a work domain. However, an essential condition for developing a model of a work domain is that the domain in question exists. In novel or emerging work domains the application of conventional methods for gathering information like interviews or observational techniques are rarely possible. This paper describes a reference model for the application of a work domain analysis with the purpose to design decision support tools for emerging work domains. The analysis is conducted using FAN complemented by a Recognition-Primed Decision (RPD) model. Two use cases in the emerging domain of maritime security are demonstrated.