Title :
Recent advances in charge balancing for functional electrical stimulation
Author :
Sooksood, Kriangkrai ; Stieglitz, Thomas ; Ortmanns, Maurits
Author_Institution :
Inst. of Microelectron., Univ. of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
Abstract :
Charge balancing is a major concern in functional electrical stimulation, since any excess charge accumulation over time leads to electrolysis with electrode dissolution and tissue destruction. Its major function is to ensure that the mean value of electrode voltage is kept within a safe level. However, it serves as a failure protection as well. This paper presents an overview on recent advances in this field, both passive and active (closed-loop) charge balancing techniques.
Keywords :
bioelectric potentials; biomedical electrodes; neuromuscular stimulation; reviews; charge balancing; electrode dissolution; electrode voltage; electrolysis; functional electrical stimulation; overview; tissue destruction; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Electronics, Medical; Equipment Design; Equipment Failure Analysis; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Static Electricity;
Conference_Titel :
Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2009. EMBC 2009. Annual International Conference of the IEEE
Conference_Location :
Minneapolis, MN
Print_ISBN :
978-1-4244-3296-7
Electronic_ISBN :
1557-170X
DOI :
10.1109/IEMBS.2009.5333181
