Observation of permanent polarization distributions in bioorganic materials using a highly sensitive scanning pyroelectric microscope

Bio-organic materials such as bones, teeth and tendon generally show pyro- and piezoelectric activity that implies the existence of macroscopic polarity. The first discoveries date from 1957¹ in the bones and tendon of both humans and animals and has led to the suggestion that the presence of spontaneous polarity might play a crucial role during morphogenesis and could facilitate other biological functions.