Actions as evidence: multiple epistemic agents acting under uncertainty

Extends Ruspini´s epistemic logic-based model for evidential reasoning by formalizing the actions of the epistemic agents and interpreting them as further sources of evidence. The actions of any intelligent agent, whether friend, foe, or neutral, provide evidence about the state of the world which is quite different from the kinds of evidence provided by a deterministic or stochastic natural process. The authors propose a new procedure for reasoning under uncertainty which combines the concepts of the theory of evidence, epistemic logic, and utility theory. The new procedure is applied to an example of a two intelligent agent problem where the second agent interprets the action of the first as evidence about probabilities of the possible worlds