Income Distribution of the R&D Alliances under the Supervision of the Third Party: Analysis Based on the Uncertain Condition

Although the Shapley value method can realize the fair income distribution of the R&D alliance, it cannot achieve the Pareto efficiency. We consider a R&D alliance with a supervisor as the third party in uncertain environments. When the alliance income exceeds the predetermined target income, the alliance income ought to be distributed completely among the R&D enterprises according to the Shapley value method. While once the alliance income is less than the target income, the R&D enterprises are supposed to be punished to some extent. Through the punishment mechanism, it can realize the Pareto efficiency optimization of the R&D alliance and meanwhile settle the conflict between the fairness and the efficiency brought by the mere use of the Shapley value.