Image segmentation with a parametric deformable model using shape and appearance priors

We propose a novel parametric deformable model controlled by shape and visual appearance priors learned from a training subset of co-aligned images of goal objects. The shape prior is derived from a linear combination of vectors of distances between the training boundaries and their common centroid. The appearance prior considers gray levels within each training boundary as a sample of a Markov-Gibbs random field with pairwise interaction. Spatially homogeneous interaction geometry and Gibbs potentials are analytically estimated from the training data. To accurately separate a goal object from an arbitrary background, empirical marginal gray level distributions inside and outside of the boundary are modeled with adaptive linear combinations of discrete Gaussians (LCDG). The evolution of the parametric deformable model is based on solving an Eikonal partial differential equation with a new speed function which combines the prior shape, prior appearance, and current appearance models. Due to the analytical shape and appearance priors and a simple Expectation-Maximization procedure for getting the object and background LCDG, our segmentation is considerably faster than most of the known geometric and parametric models. Experiments with various goal images confirm the robustness, accuracy, and speed of our approach.