Low-voltage CMOS analog computational circuits

To address the need for real-time analog computational circuits with reduced operating voltage requirements, two analog CMOS computational circuits ape presented. One circuit computes the square-root of the product of two input currents and the other performs normalization. While these circuits were developed for image processing applications their operation with a single supply down to 2 V, and the use of devices available in any standard CMOS process makes them well suited for many mixed-signal applications. The circuits were simulated in PSPICE using BSIM3v3 model parameters and were successfully implemented in the AMI 1.2 μm process. Simulation and measurement results are presented