Low sensitivity time delay neural networks with cascade form structure

In current practice, tapped delay line models such as the time delay neural network (TDNN) are commonly implemented using a direct form structure. In this paper, we show that the problem of high parameter sensitivity, well known in linear systems, also applies to nonlinear models such as the TDNN. To overcome the consequent numerical problems, we propose a cascade form TDNN (CTDNN) and show its advantages over the commonly used direct form TDNN