Coupling estimation in receiving antenna systems for array calibration

A general approach is examined to predict the operation of receiving antennas and arrays where a matrix formulation is used to characterize the antenna system under study. Developed concepts are also extended to coupling ratio predictions and array calibrations. The proposed methodology is validated by comparing calculated predictions to measurements and simulations of a practical antenna system, defined by a single 2.5 GHz conductor backed patch antenna operating above a ground plane platform. Investigations are also extended to a two and four element patch array. The developed procedures are also applicable to other antenna system configurations, complex scattering environments, and practical compensation techniques for array processing.