Subic & clark: Industrial ecology models for developing urban centers in the Philippines

This paper is about a framework that would help developing nations like the Philippines minimize if not eliminate the various social problems such as poverty, unemployment, insurgency, traffic congestions, pollution, etc., in the various metropolitan cities like Metro Manila. The US occupation of the Philippines did not only teach Filipinos speak English but also leave some infrastructures that can be considered as the sources of development in the country. The former US military bases namely, Subic & Clark, in the Philippines have retained their natural beauty, cleanliness and discipline, even if they are no longer managed by American military personnel. The two economic areas where simple traffic rules are strictly followed are in complete contrast with what is happening in most parts of the Philippines. The proponents´ recommendation is to replicate Subic & Clark in every province and surely, the Philippines will never be the same again.