Variable step-size NLMS algorithms designed for echo cancellation

A major issue in echo cancellation is to recover the near-end signal from the error signal of the adaptive filter. In this paper, we use this requirement in order to design a family of variable step-size normalized least-mean-square (VSS-NLMS) algorithms. The main parameter that is needed within these algorithms is the near-end signal power estimate. Several solutions for this problem are presented and evaluated in terms of different practical aspects (i.e., available parameters, complexity). Due to their specific characteristic, these VSS-NLMS algorithms are equipped with good robustness features against near-end signal variations (e.g., double-talk) and can be reliable candidates for real-world echo cancellation scenarios.