Methods to mitigate the concentration fluctuation and dead zone phenomena in the electrokinetic remediation technology

Though neutralizing the H+ ions generated by water electrolysis in anode compartment can improve the current efficiency of electrokinetic remediation process, “dead zone” phenomenon close to anode cannot be mitigated due to the increasing of total ion concentration in anolytes. An effective method was to keep the ion concentration at a low level in the entire electrokinetic remediation process. Modifying the arrangement of electrodes to let current direction normal to concentration gradient of ions can avoid the ion-induced trapping effect to go into effect and hence prevent the occurrence of “hot spots” on the target ion migration way.