A multidimensional phase-locked loop for blind equalization of multi-input multi-output channels

We present a new technique for blind equalization of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication channels. In scalar channels it is common to follow a blind equalizer adapted according to the constant-modulus algorithm (CMA) by a phase-locked loop to compensate for carrier frequency offset. We generalize this structure to multiple dimensions, and propose to follow a blind MIMO equalizer adapted according to the vector CMA by a multidimensional phase-locked loop. We show through simulations that the new technique can converge much faster than prior techniques