Flow velocity determination in cryogenic media by means of capacitive sensing

This paper presents a method for measuring the flow velocity of two-phase cryogenic flows. The proposed sensing principle is based on a multi-electrode structure that increases the sensitivity to dielectric permittivity variations compared to a simple two-electrode structure while preserving the ability to detect small perturbations. The principle may be applied for the non-invasive measurement of the volume flow of cryogenic fuels inside conveyor pipes. Measurements conducted to evaluate the applicability of the principle were performed using liquid hydrogen.