Expressing evolutionary computation, genetic programming, artificial life, autonomous agents and DNA-based computing in -calculus-revised version

Genetic programming, autonomous agents, artificial life and evolutionary computation share many common ideas. They generally investigate distributed complex processes, perhaps with the ability to interact. It seems to be natural to study their behavior using process algebras, which were designed to handle distributed interactive systems. -calculus is a higher-order polyadic process algebra for resource bounded computation. It has been designed to handle autonomous agents, evolutionary computing, neural nets, expert systems, machine learning, and distributed interactive AI systems, in general. -calculus has a built-in cost-optimization mechanism allowing to deal with nondeterminism, incomplete and uncertain information. We express in -calculus several subareas of evolutionary computation, including genetic programming, artificial life, autonomous agents and DNA-based computing