Localization by Hybrid TOA, AOA and DSF Estimation in NLOS Environments

Under the assumption of single bounce channel model, the position and velocity of a mobile station (MS) can be determined by time of arrival (TOA), angle of arrival (AOA) and doppler-shifted frequency (DSF) measurements at three base stations (BSs) when line of sight (LOS) paths between the three BSs and the MS are all blocked. The equations relating the measured TOAs, AOAs and DSFs to the location parameters are nonlinear and under-determined which are hard to solve. A novel grid search method which requires only two-dimensional search in x-y coordinates and achieves good location accuracy is presented. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.